Life is like a box of chocolates Essay

At first glance the quote ‘life is like a box of chocolates seems’ rather silly. How could such a large and complicated concept such as life be compared to something as small and simple as a box of chocolates? There have been two opposing viewpoints in regards to the meaning of this quote, and each viewpoint comes about by a different analysis of what life and chocolates represent as well as what they mean in today’s world. The conclusion to the question can only come about through a thorough examination of the quote itself along with its possible entailments to see what both groups of people deem important and what they choose to ignore. Both arguments seem to work well to counter the other and show the flaws in the other explanation’s theory. According to the World Book Encyclopedia, life is ‘a state, existence, or principle of existence conceived as belonging to the soul.’ Most people, when questioned about life would not have a very clear or concise answer because life is not something that is wholly tangible. In general life is considered to be everything that happens to a person from the moment they are born to the moment they die. All of their interactions with the world and all of their thoughts and actions. There does not seem to be any plan or order to these events, just everything that happens. Everything. Life is a long process with good, bad and indifferent points. According to the World Book Encyclopedia, a box is ‘a container, usually with four stiff sides, a bottom, and a lid to pack or put things in,’ and chocolate is ‘a substance made by roasting and grinding cacao seeds.’ A box of chocolates would logically be a container which holds cacao products. A scientific dissection of a box of chocolates would show a box (usually rectangular or heart shaped) filled with anywhere from one to dozens of small, individually wrapped chocolates. Usually the type of chocolate and the filling of each individual varies inside a given package. In America however, a box of chocolates means much more then this simple addition of definitions and a direct visual analysis would lead one to believe. A box of chocolates, in our referent system, is a symbol. It generally symbolizes  love, and through metonymy, has been made to mean love. When a gift of a box of chocolates is given on Valentine’s Day, it more than symbolizes love, it actually means love. The meanings have become blurred over the years as chocolate has become a standard gift. It is not an original thought to give someone chocolate, but more a means of showing love. Not an act of love, but merely an expression of love. The first group of people generally finish the simile ‘life is like a box of chocolates’ with the conclusion ‘you never know what you’re gonna get.’ This group views all the meanings of life and of the box of chocolates and found the best compilation to be that both in life, and in chocolates, there is randomness and a lack of order. When a person walks out of the front door of his house on a Monday morning, there is no way for him to know if he is going to find a hundred dollar bill tucked under his doormat, or a large meteor that has fallen and crushed his car. It’s hard to know if a day is going to be a good day or a bad day, you just know that it will be a day. The same holds true for eating a box of chocolates. When you open a box of chocolates, there are rows of non-differentiated chocolates. They all look the same, and yet you know some are filled with cream, some with caramel and some with coconut. When you pick one up, much like when the man opens his front door, there is no way of knowing if you will get a good chocolate (cream) or a bad chocolate (coconut), you just know you’ll get a chocolate. For both examples it will not be easy to tell if it was good or bad until the chocolate, or the day, has been completed. You never know what will happen. The second group of people generally finish the simile ‘life is like a box of chocolates’ with the conclusion ‘a thoughtless perfunctory gift that nobody really wants.’ This group takes up an opposing analysis and says that the important part of chocolates is not the randomness of them within the package, but instead the symbol that people don’t really think in life, but instead just perform as they are expected to. Since chocolates have come to mean love, people no longer do creative things to express their love. They simple buy chocolates. Once the chocolates are delivered, then what. People don’t actually want the chocolates, they want the love. Since the chocolates  have assumed the meaning of love, the chocolates themselves go to waste. Who wants to eat their love? Instead of being eaten immediately, as chocolates are truly intended to be, they are showed to friends and relatives, and eventually put on a shelf or in a cabinet. They will get eaten if someone shows desire, but it’s not important. Under this interpretation, life is pointless and merely for show. People don’t do things because it is what they feel that they should, people do things because they are expected to (just as the lover is expected to give chocolate). It is better to put up an lofty facade, then to be true and honest to the people around you.

Understanding the Proposed Benefits of Free Trade

This theory, known as import substitution industrialization, is largely considered ineffective for currently developing nations. 3] Disadvantages of tariffs[edit] The pink regions are the net loss to society caused by the existence of the tariff. The chart at the right analyzes the effect of the imposition of an import tariff on some imaginary good. Prior to the tariff, the price of the good in the world market (and hence in the domestic market) is Pworld. The tariff increases the domestic price to Ptariff. The higher price causes domestic production to increase from QSI to QS2 and causes domestic consumption to decline from QCI to This has three main effects on societal welfare.Consumers are made worse off because the consumer urplus (green region) becomes smaller. Producers are better off because the producer surplus (yellow region) is made larger. The government also has additional tax revenue (blue region). However, the loss to consumers is greater than the gains by producers and the government. The magnitude of this societal loss is shown by the two pink triangles. Removing the tariff and having free trade would be a net gain for An almost identical analysis of this tariff from the perspective of a net producing country yields parallel results.From that country's perspective, the ariff leaves producers worse off and consumers better off, but the net loss to producers is larger than the benefit to consumers (there is no tax revenue in this analysis, export tariffs, import quotas, and export quotas all yield nearly identical results. [l] Sometimes consumers are better off and producers worse off, and sometimes consumers are worse off and producers are better off, but the imposition of trade restrictions causes a net loss to society because the losses from trade restrictions are larger than the gains from trade restrictions.Free trade creates inners and losers, but theory and empirical evidence show that the size of the winnings from free trade are larger tha n the losses. [l] Trade diversion[edit] According to mainstream economic theory, the selective application of free trade agreements to some countries and tariffs on others can lead to economic inefficiency through the process of trade diversion. It is economically efficient for a good to be produced by the country which is the lowest cost producer, but this does not always take place if a high cost producer has a free trade agreement while the low cost roducer faces a high tariff.Applying free trade to the high cost producer (and not the low cost producer as well) can lead to trade diversion and a net economic loss. This is why many economists place such high importance on negotiations for global tariff reductions, such as the Doha Round. [l] Opinion of economists[edit] The literature analysing the economics of free trade is extremely rich with extensive work having been done on the theoretical and empirical effects.Though it creates winners and losers, the broad consensus among eco nomists is that free trade is a arge and unambiguous net gain for society. [6][7] In a 2006 survey of American economists (83 responders), â€Å"87. 5% agree that the U. S. should eliminate remaining tariffs and other barriers to trade† and â€Å"90. 1% disagree with the suggestion that the U. S. should restrict employers from outsourcing work to foreign countries. â€Å"[8] Quoting Harvard economics professor N.Gregory Mankiw, â€Å"Few propositions command as much consensus among professional economists as that open world trade increases economic growth and raises living standards. â€Å"[9] Nonetheless, uoting Professor Peter Soderbaum of Malardalen University, Sweden, â€Å"This neoclassical trade theory focuses on one dimension, i. e. , the price at which a commodity can be delivered and is extremely narrow in cutting off a large number of other considerations about impacts on employment in different parts of the world, about environmental impacts and on culture. [1 0] Most economists would agree that although increasing returns to scale might mean that certain industry could settle in a geographical area without any strong economic reason derived from comparative dvantage, this is not a reason to argue against free trade because the absolute level of output enjoyed by both â€Å"winner† and â€Å"loser† will increase with the â€Å"winner† gaining more than the â€Å"loser† but both gaining more than before in an absolute level.In the classic text An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (Wealth of Nations), namely, in the passage â€Å"Of Restraints upon the Importation from Foreign Countries of such Goods as can be Produced at Home† economist Adam Smith describes reasons for allowing free trade.

A Study On Zero Tolerance Policy

A Study On Zero Tolerance Policy There are hundreds if not thousands of students in any given school. The sheer size and magnitude of the student population encompassed in these schools leads to complications of school safety. Zero tolerance is a policy which was brought about enforcing school safety more firmly, and aimed to better protect students. However, the way in which these students are protected is highly debatable, making the zero tolerance ideology very controversial. Exactly which approach is most effective in protecting a student, let alone, thousands? Is strictness more effective than leniency? Overly strict policies aim to protect the majority, however, severally punish those who have to deal with the wrath of zero tolerance, those who violate the rules. Overly lenient policies can lead to dreadful events, however, give students a sense of reason, in turn creating an understanding of what they have done wrong. In the long run which method is most effective in protecting students? These type of questi ons, along with the excess amount of questionable cases, compose a highly controversial topic. The well being of a student is the single most important factor for public schools. No parent would ever send their child to school if there was a high probability of violence. For this reason there are people who favor zero tolerance. Domoine D. Rutledge, general counsel for the East Baton Rouge Parish School System in Louisiana, reports that zero tolerance policies have aided in creating a culture inside schools that â€Å"certain things will not be tolerated, period.† However, whether or not that policy is effective relies on â€Å"how fairly it’s enforced and how consistently it’s enforced.† He continues saying that: Schools districts have had to really balance the interest of the whole school, the student body, teachers and faculty . . . as well as the rights of individual bad actors. The ability to strike that balance, and to do it fairly, more than likely influences the effectiveness of the zero-tolerance policies. Whether or not zero tolerance is effective brings about more argumentative material. Statistical data reports a significant drop in school homicides following the 1999 school shooting at Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado strongly suggesting, as Rutledge advocates, zero tolerance has in fact led to safer schools for students. (nces.ed.gov) Kay S. Hymowitz, a contributing editor for a magazine published by the conservative Manhattan Institute, stated that, â€Å"The arrest of a pair of New Jersey 8-year-olds for pointing paper guns at classmates was just the kind of episode that leads people to question zero-tolerance policies.† (Billitteri) Statements such as those insinuate a basis of anti-zero tolerance and further complicate the controversy. However it must be noted that, â€Å"It’s not so easy to distinguish the prankster from the wild-eyed adolescent with a [lethal] plan when lives are at sta ke,† Hymowitz says. (Billitteri) How is one supposed to know the intentions of a giving situation? While the general consensus will no doubtingly agree that a pair of 8-year-olds pose little to no threat, on the slight chance of an event occurring, the questions of â€Å"why weren’t they stopped† or â€Å"how could you assume† will undeniably be asked, and in this sense, it is without a doubt better to assume the ugly and end up being wrong, than to assume no harm and end up with fatal consequences’. Hymowitz continues, stating that, â€Å"Zero tolerance may be more symptom than cure for the uneasy disciplinary climate of our schools. Certainly it’s no final answer to out-of-control 5-year-olds or revenge-crazed teenagers. But as the threats continue and the bombs and guns appear, it’s all we’ve got.† (Billitteri) Bringing back the topic of effectiveness, those with the â€Å"get-tough† attitude witness no proof of zero tolerance policies creating a safer environment in schools. In fact, a decade of research on such policies by the American Psychological Association have concluded that zero tolerance â€Å"can actually increase bad behavior and also lead to higher dropout rates.† â€Å"Schools are not any safer or more effective in disciplining children than before these zero-tolerance policies were implemented,† the association said. (APA) There is much debate surrounding zero tolerance, however, the real problems arise when zero tolerance is set in motion.

Experience of having a child at a young age (age-18) Essay

Experience of having a child at a young age (age-18) - Essay Example Even though my friends and I had numerous differences, it was easy to get along and share so much of our life experiences. From time to time, I would think and talk about my future especially where I expected to be in ten years or so. Just like any other typical woman, I would talk about getting into a successful career and starting a family that would remain united forever. Soon after graduating high school, my friendship and relationship with my friends kept growing over time. Some time passed and the story remained the same. Nothing much happened in my life until I discovered I was expecting a child at the age of eighteen. I was happy but worried too that I would have a child at a young age. On one hand, pregnancy was not a welcome thing in my life at that age. I felt it had begun to complicate my life from there on. I had never thought of having a child at the age of eighteen. My complete focus was on going to college and pursuing a career that would change my life for the better. On the other hand, pregnancy was a situation I had to face without fear or guilt. In many instances, I was concerned not only about my education, but also about the fact that getting a child at a young age would affect the rest of my life. To get through it, I had to convince myself that all would be well and everything would work out in my favor. However, it was obvious that college education was on hold at that point. Days, weeks, and months passed, and eventually I gave birth to a beautiful baby girl, whom I named Lucy. Before my nineteenth birthday, I was a mother. At my age, I had so much to learn about caring for the baby. I attended parenting classes and had frequent visits to the doctor to ensure that the baby’s progress was good. One major thing I always recognize is the support I received from my family and friends. My family stood by me and provided me with financial support since I still depended on my parents. Surprisingly,

Corporate law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Corporate law - Essay Example The aspects that Corporation Law takes care of in relation to the activities of the companies are its formation and operations including fundraising and activities of the officer’s involved1. The Corporations Act already defines remuneration in Section 9 noting it to be â€Å"any benefit that is given to an officer or employee of a corporation is remuneration if and only if the benefit, were it received by a director of the corporation, would be remuneration of the director for the purposes of an accounting standard that deals with disclosure in companies’ financial reports of information about directors’ remuneration†1. This discussion intends to recognize the laws relating to director’s remuneration particularly in Australia. Moreover, the effectiveness of these laws safeguarding shareholders’ interests will also be determined in the discussion. Legal Issues Prevalent to Laws of Directors’ Remuneration There had been a public enquiry that was conducted by the Productivity Commission of Australia for the purpose of regulating the framework of the directors’ remuneration for the companies falling under the purview of Corporations Act. The commission was specifically requested to consider a few points namely; The Australian trend followed with respect to the remuneration of directors along with executives The strength of the regulatory framework in practice over the transparency, responsibility as well as oversight of the remuneration practices of the executives and directors The role of various bodies like the retail and institutional shareholders in various aspects of the remuneration practices like setting, development, reporting and consideration The possibility of mechanisms that would be helpful to enhance the alignment of the boards’ and executives’ interests with the broader community The strength of effects of the responses received internationally about the various issues of remunera tion that tend to arise out of the financial crisis globally2. There were certain changes brought about in the Corporations Act with regards to the remuneration of executives and directors especially in Australia. These changes were passed through the Corporation Amendment Bill 2011. The changes include the following points: The ‘No Vacancy’ Rule: This change was set with intent to be applicable for public companies following a board limit less than the higher limit specified in their organizational constitution4. Proxy Voting: This is set for all the companies. According to this, the proxy holders shall have to direct every alternative as directed for all the resolutions4. The ‘Two Strike Rule’: This sets for the listed companies which signifies that any vote for the directors in order to compete for re–election shall be needed in case a board proceeds with proposal for remuneration even after obtaining 25 percent or more vote at two successive gene ral meetings conducted annually4. Remuneration Consultants: This is for the companies that tend to disclose every detail in the report in connection with the remuneration provided by the company to the directors4. Voting by Key Management Personnel (KMP): This affirms that KMP as well as their close associates would be prohibited from partaking in the non-binding votes particularly in the case of listed

Wuthering Heights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Wuthering Heights - Essay Example Mr. Earnshaw walked sixty miles with him wrapped in his coat, the beginning of his hardship. Upon his arrival, the only person who wanted him is Mr. Earnshaw. Other than the fact that Mrs. Earnshaw took an instant dislike to him, she complains about the added financial burden of another child in their home. â€Å"She did fly up―asking how he could fashion to bring that gipsy [sic] brat into the house, when they had their own bairns to feed, and to fend for† (35). the same; and we plagued and went on with him shamefully, for I wasnt reasonable enough to feel my injustice, and the mistress never put in a word on his behalf, when she saw him wronged† (36). The few time Mrs. Earnshaw is mentioned in the novel, she is not depicted as a nurturing person. She dies and her own children did not seemed to morn her loss. Heathcliffs hardship begins in his infancy, Nelly said he seemed as old as Catherine yet, he spoke gibberish, and she stated that â€Å"it crept Mr. Earnshaws door,† suggesting that he could not walk. A child who cannot walk at six, shows gross neglect in nurturing. He is an abandoned child, no one claimed him when Mr. Earnshaw found him and inquired about his where abouts. From hell on the streets to hell in the Earnshaws home is Heathcliffs plight. Catherine is the only person who befriends him. Mr. Earnshaw defends him but they never bonded. At an early age Heathcliff learns to keep his feelings inward. He never smiles or shows emotions; he becomes diabolical, due to the harsh treatments he received, especially from Hindley. An essay on eCheat.com, titled â€Å"Wuthering Heights-Catherine and Heathcliff† agrees that Heathcliff s stamina to endure pain is uncanny. Although Heathcliff was once subjected to vicious racism due to his dark skin color and experienced wearisome orphan years in Liverpool, this distortion had already begun when Mr. Earnshaw brought him into Wuthering Heights, a

5 economics factors Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

5 economics factors - Essay Example Different economic factors in the US contribute to or minimize the gender gap in state economy. In 1935, the government policy, Aids to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC), was implemented and its main target was the single mothers and the low-income families. The conditions for qualification of this aid were that, the identified families had to be poor, except the single mothers who were all considered. This policy involved aid to such families. The aid came in the form of financial assistance, provision of free medical care, food donations, and subsidies on housing. This policy however raised a number of controversies. It was thought to result in an increased dependency of the poor in society. This would also discourage the poor from looking for employment and means of self-dependence. Finally, this would discourage people from getting marriage and thus increasing the number of single mothers. This was proved ineffective in ensuring a poverty-free society. Nonetheless, this policy was beneficial to women during its short operational period. In 1996, another policy of poverty eradication was implemented as a replacement of the AFDC. This was the Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF). This policy was funded by different states, unlike the AFDC, which was wholly funded by the federal government. In 2008, this policy was amended and required all single mothers to work a minimum of thirty hours in a week. The main argument for this proposition was that, most mothers in dual –income families went to work, therefore, the single mothers too were expected to work. In addition, unlike the AFDC, this policy had a time limit of five years. Since this program was temporal, it aimed at equipping the low-income families with enough resources to help them solve their financial problems and establish themselves financially in the

The Two Revelations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Two Revelations - Essay Example The supporters of evolution and those of Christianity work for the same purpose. Beecher argues that the idea of human life has always been based on development. Christianity seeks to develop man from his simplicity and ignorance to a superior being (spirit). There are those who identify the truth live by it and eventually are rewarded to share in the glory of God. In the same capacity, evolution explains man in the same context as an animal who develops from the simplicity of life to have a superior mind and life. This is the reason for the apparent existence of contradictions. However, both ideas seek to understand the truth of life and should, therefore, be identified in the same spirit.The Bible will always be invaluable even though the human mind develops science to the wildest of imaginations. The truth is never complete, satisfactory or understood without adherence to its compatibility to life situations. This comprehensive fact concludes the whole argument. Beecher does not w ant the purpose of this deep insight to be diverted but he is subjective in purpose. Therefore, the evolutionists and people of varied age, class, denominations, and beliefs are reminded never to undervalue the wholesomeness of the holy book. He cites a man who has cursed the Bible facing so many tribulations that he finds consolation in his mother’s Bible. Overall, the pursuit of the truth should never compromise losing heaven or faith in God. The argument proves this beyond doubt. It is a clear masterpiece of its own kind.

Progressive Era vs. Gilded Age Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Progressive Era vs. Gilded Age - Essay Example The Gilded Age on the other hand was a period of rapid growth and development in terms of the economy of the country and it began in the late 19th century. The main aim of the Gilded Age was to make progress in the industrial sector of the economy so that positive changes could be seen in the Gross Domestic Product as well as capital formation of the country. It mainly saw the growth of heavy industries, transport, mining and other such aspects of development which form the backbone of the economy. It was this period during which the US soared past other rival countries like Germany, France and Britain with respect to technology. Wall Street was also established during this period. On the other hand, the Progressive Era sought to bring about political reforms in the country on the basis of the Gilded Age. During the Gilded Age there was a vast amount of widespread corruption as well as glitches in the process of development which needed to be curbed. Movements were begun in the Progr essive Era to bring about the welfare of the people and expose all the corruption. This period also saw the growth of a large number of people that were modernizers and were ready to adopt the path of science and technology. They believed in education and how it was the sole object that could lead people into the future. They had faith in improving substantially, the environment as well as people’s lives with the help of proper government and social interventions. In terms of business, the Gilded Age was the period where the economy witnessed a very high growth in wealth of about 3.8% which subsequently led to a higher growth in national income. The GDP of the economy also doubled with time. More and more careers began to give way and younger people, even younger than 21 began to be hired for jobs in all kinds of blue collar fields. All this took place after the economy had faced a depression also known as the Panic of 1873. Almost twenty years after, the Panic of 1893 struck the American economy however the Progressive Era emerged as a result of the same because during this time, the citizens were trying to handle the stress caused by the depression by trying to put emphasis on employment and hard work. However, all these aspects declined considerably due to lack of finances, and this state carried on till about the First World War During the Gilded Age, none of the parties wanted any kind of involvement on part of the federal government in the private sector except for a few areas like railroads and tariffs which were for the common benefit of the people. The concept of laissez-faire was adopted by the private sector as the economy developed into a capitalist form of market. However, with the Progressive Era dawning upon the economy by the late 19th century, more and more small-scale entrepreneurs, farmers and laborers began believing that they could receive better help from the government. They felt that the government could take out policies for the purpose of their protections against the big industries and thus help in increasing the employment levels of the primary and secondary sectors of the economy. The Gilded Age witnessed the growth of a number of labor movements and unions being formed. These were generally groups of people coming together in order to protest against the current wage rates, hold strikes for unfair conduct and unhealthy working environments. For example, one very significant strike that

Absorption vs. Variable Costing Essay Example for Free

Absorption vs. Variable Costing Essay This case study will look at Jokkmok Industries and one of its managers, Mr. Rosen, who is bucking for a promotion to CEO. His division uses absorption costing and has the ability to produce 50,000 units a quarter with a fixed overhead amount of $600,000. While the sales forecast shows that the company will only sell 25,000 units during each of the next two quarters, Mr. Rosen wants to double his budgeted production for the second quarter from 25,000 to 50,000 units. We will look at Mr. Rosen’s decision and see how it affects his company’s bottom line by putting the figures from last quarter and the next quarter into an absorption income statement and a contribution margin statement. From this we will be able to see the differences in production costs from the two income statements. These figures will let us be able to assess if Mr. Rosen has improved his division’s performance by increasing production. We will also be able to tell if absorption costing is a viable option for management to use when making decisions like increasing production when sales are not forecasted to improve. We will also discuss a few shortcomings of the absorption approach and how it relates to management. And finally, we will see if Mr. Rosen’s decision would allow him to be considered for the CEO position. Absorption vs. Variable Costing (Contribution margin) â€Å"The main difference between variable costing and absorption costing is the accounting for fixed manufacturing costs.† (Horngren C. n.d.) This is never more evident than in this case study. Income statements prepared using these different methods usually produce different net operating income, and they will also produce different costs per unit sold. In order to completely fill out the income statements we will need to look at the 1st quarter’s income statement listed in Table 1. From the data in table 1 we will need more data to input into the absorption and contribution margin income statements. This additional data is displayed in Table 2. Now we will plug these numbers into both the absorption and contribution margin income statements shown in tables 3 and 4 below for both the 1st and 2nd quarters. Information for setting up these tables was obtained from the article â€Å"Income Comparison of Variable and Absorption Costing† from Accountingexplanation.com. One can notice right away that there are some major differences between the two income statements especially in the 2nd quarter’s net operating income. Under absorption the net operating income is $650,000 and Mr. Rosen would think that his bottom line is looking better and he could almost see himself in the corner office. But running the numbers using the variable costing method in the contribution income statement, the increase in production shows the same net operating income as the previous quarter which was $350,000. So how can the bottom line look so much better under absorption than contribution? The main reasons have to do with fixed manufacturing overhead and inventories. Fixed manufacturing overhead are things like rent, facilities expenses, salaries, and insurance that do not change over a given period of time. â€Å"Since fixed overhead costs do not change substantially, they are easy to predict, and so should rarely vary from the budgeted amount.† (Bragg 20 13) This is demonstrated in the cost per unit sold difference between the first and second quarters. First quarter’s was $72 while 2nd was $60. The reason is because fixed manufacturing costs are involved in the equation. In absorption you have to take the fixed manufacturing costs ($600,000) and divide by the total units manufactured (50,000) to get $12 per unit. Now you add that to the cost per unit manufactured on Table 1 ($48) to get a total of $60 per unit manufactured. When the company only produced 25,000 units the cost was $72 per unit. ((600,000/25,000) + $48 = $72). Now the excess fixed manufacturing costs are rolled into inventory for the next quarter. As shown in the less ending inventory in Table 3 ($1,500,000), because 25,000 units of the units manufactured were not sold. Contribution margin or variable costing does not break up the fixed manufacturing costs, instead it puts in the entire amount of $600,000 into the quarter and does not roll over the fixed costs into inventory. (As shown in the line fixed manufacturing overhead below the contribution margin.) Ho wever, in variable costing, $48 of manufacturing cost per unit is rolled over in the inventory. Because variable costing accounts for the fixed costs entirely it is the better option for knowing where your company stands. Besides the problems with absorption costing listed above, it considers fixed manufacturing overhead as product cost which shows a higher cost per unit than variable costing. As a result, it does not help management decide the selling price of a product. In the example above table 3 shows $72 and $60 per unit sold, while table 4, the variable cost per unit sold is $55. Also absorption costing can make the bottom line look better than it is by removing product costs from the income statement by producing inventory. This way managers, like Mr. Rosen, who are evaluated on the basis of operating income can temporarily improve profitability by increasing production. But there some that still think there are advantages to absorption costing. â€Å"Advocates of absorption costing argue that all manufacturing costs must be assigned to products in order to properly match the costs of producing units of product with the revenues from the units when they are sold.† (Accountingexplanation .com n.d.) But given the reasons stated above variable costing is still the way to keep the books for the decision makers. I would not recommend Mr. Rosen for the CEO position because he seems to have cooked the absorption books in his favor. By increasing his production he manipulated the fixed manufacturing costs to show them lower than they really are and thus showing a better net operating income. But the real costs are rapped up in inventory for the next quarter to worry about, like kicking the can down the road. There is something that Mr. Rosen could do, or might have been planning to do, to correct the inventory problem. He could plan on selling more units. What if market research shows that sales will increase by nearly 20% if Lokkmok drops prices by 5% to gain a competitive edge in the 3rd quarter? Look at Tables 5 and 6 below to show how dropping the prices and increasing sales to get rid of inventory would help the bottom line. Notice the difference between keeping the status quo of pricing and sales compared to the ‘what if’ third quarter numbers on both income statements. Now notice the difference of the bottom line between the absorption ‘what if’ 3rd quarter and the contribution margin income statement, the bottom  line suffers under absorption because sales are eating into the inventory, which is a good thing. But in reality the increase sales has increased revenue, eating away at inventory and actually helping the bottom line, as is the case on the contribution income statement which shows net operating income went up over 21%. Conclusion We have discussed the shortfalls of absorption costing, while showing the many benefits of variable costing and the contribution income statement. Whether it showing the correct net operating income for a company that increases production, or that selling more units, cutting into inventory, and increases revenue actually helps the bottom line, variable costing is correct tool for decision makers. Attached to the submitted Case assignment is the excel worksheet I used. I learned a lot about accounting and excel to complete this assignment. I had a fun time crunching the numbers to see how sales, fixed/variable costs, unit pricing and the like affect the income statement. Please feel free to open and change the yellow highlighted sections to see the outcomes. Please give me any feedback on the excel spreadsheet, for I was a broadcast journalism major 18 years ago and have not tinkered with spreadsheets too often. Thank you. References Horngren C. (n.d.) Chapter 9: Absorption/Variable Costing Retrieved from http://www.csus.edu/indiv/p/pforsichh/accountinginfo/121/documents/newCh09In-ClassProblemsHorngren13e-MYCOPY-X2.pdf Bragg, S (2013) What is fixed overhead?, AccountingTools. Retrieved from http://www.accountingtools.com/questions-and-answers/what-is-fixed-overhead.html Accountingexplanation.com. (n.d.). Advantages, Disadvantages, and Limitations of Variable Costing Systems. Retrieved from http://www.accountingexplanation.com/advantages_disadvantages_limitations_of_

Genetic Engineering of Animals: Benefits

Genetic Engineering of Animals: Benefits Animal genetic engineering has existed for thousands of years in the form of selective breeding. People have chosen desirable characteristics for appearance, survival traits, and other qualities in animals they wish to obtain in future offspring. They then bred these animals to selected mates in order to increase likelihood of offspring inheriting these desired traits. More recent definitions of genetic engineering define it as the manipulation or modification of the genetic code of selected animals to alter characteristics and to introduce certain desired traits by changing the cells genome. This can be done by adding to or deleted from DNA or substitution of certain genes. This form of manipulating DNA is a very new technology. This type of engineering was made possible over many years of research and significant findings that has led to what is now the understanding of DNAs structure, purpose, and properties. First studies of manipulation were conducted on bacteria such as E. Coli before animals were experimented with beginning in 1982 with mice. While genetic engineering is a new exciting and fascinating discovery for scientific research with unlimited range of possibilities, it raises moral and ethical concern. It is a highly controversial topic this day in age. Questions have been raised about the extent that animals can be treated to conditions and procedures considered to be unethical for humans. Debates regarding animals rights to not be inflicted with pain or caused suffering of the animal are considered against benefits for human interests. Many arguments about animals consciousness, self-awareness, cognitive and language capacity, morals, quality of life, and evolutionary status have been evaluated in hopes to find differences between humans and animals. If a moral standard could be clearly defined this could justify treating animals to extreme laboratory harms. There is a wide range of opinion regarding the weight that should be accounted to human and animal interests. At one ends of the bar there are what is called an absolutist positions, people that feel human benefits are always significantly more important to animal interests. The opposing view is that if it is certain experiments should not be conducted on humans, they should also not be conducted on animals. Within this group there are two sub categories of opinion. Some activists object to experiments which cause animals pain and suffering, while others object to all human uses of animals. In order to find common ground between the two extremes a strict set of research guidelines has been established to find morally but beneficial genetic engineering on animals. Some basic criteria for animal research are as follows. Animal housing and care are provided with proper food, water, and cleanliness. Discomfort, distress and pain are minimal using appropriate medication, and without unnecessary pain inflicted. Clear objectives and procedures are defined and carried out. All experiments using animals must undergo a protocol ethical review. Al l investigators that handle and use animals have to be appropriately trained and qualified to work with the animals. If it is necessary to administer euthanasia, is should be carried out according to good practice and used appropriately. The studies have to have a worthwhile beneficial outcome for human, animal, or medical use. Lastly the benefits of the study must justify and outweigh the harm done to the animal. Animal research is a necessary, highly beneficial to genetic research and can be ethical if conducted properly. There are a huge variety of benefits that genetic engineering in animals has provided not only for human uses but for animal gain as well as insight into evolution of species. The largest use of animals is for medical advancements. Most of the work done is applied to medical or biological research intending to understand gene function and regulation as well as study human or animal disease. Animals can be used to alter their DNA sequences to see the results. It is now known today many gene functions and causes of disorders from animal DNA analysis. The capability to replace or change single genes, or even delete them, can help investigate the natural functions of a gene, the mechanisms in the body that control it or affect it, and the relationship between genes and environmental factors. This information has provided insight to how genes function and ways to alter these genes in order to prevent diseases and disorders. The ability to investigate the genomes of mice has revealed proce sses where genes are turned on or off, and cell tissues become differentiated. Many different mouse genes have been altered to mimic human diseases are used in studying the mechanisms that the disorders are caused by, and are being used towards developing more effective treatments. Humans have greatly benefited from these findings especially in the advancements of treating diseases such as cancer. Drugs can also be tested on these genetically engineered animals to see how they will affect processes such as cell replication and destruction. These animals provide an unlimited range of knowledge and opportunity for new technology and advances in the medical field. Animal genetic engineering has also provided advances in the industrial world as well. Genetically modified farm animals were used in scientific research procedures for a range of potential and actual benefits. A better understanding of disease resistance in livestock has been found and can now be applied to other animals to produce more disease resistant livestock. Genetic modification of cows may production of milk with enhanced nutritional quality in the future. Farm animals have also been genetically modified to increase productivity, for example animal growth rate, wool quantity, or milk production. Genetic engineering has also been used to select for genetic factors associated with more viable characteristics of livestock as well as to make livestock more suitable for harsh factory farm conditions. These are just a few benefits animal engineering provides and many more will come in the future. Genetic engineering is made possible by the unique properties of DNA. DNA is a double stranded helical structured with nucleotide base pairs held together in the middle with hydrogen bonds. This weak form of bond allows the strands to separate to be replicated easily. DNA is tightly wound into chromosomes. Genes are formed by the different nucleotide sequencing on the DNA strand. These genes code for a certain trait in the organism. The genetic makeup of the organism is called the genotype; the physical or observable trait that they code for is called the phenotype. This phenotype might be an appearance, a survival characteristic, or more desirable quality for the species. Understanding of the structural and function properties of DNA allows researchers to isolate genes, and manipulate them in a variety of ways. There are numerous methods of genetic manipulation so I will only briefly discuss a few select types. DNA recombinant techniques use vectors such as plasmids and viruses that carry foreign genes into host cells. This method is most often used to alter bacterial genomes. The plasmid circles can be broken allowing new genetic material to be inserted in them. This is done by treating the bacteria and a specific gene with a restriction enzyme so ends of each will join with each other on contact. Plasmids with new genetic material can pass across the cells plasma membrane and insert the new genetic material into the bacteriums own genes. The bacteria will add the gene to its sequence and begin to produce the protein that it codes for. Viruses, which are infectious particles of genetic material, act similarly to plasmids as vectors in genetic engineering. The virus carries the gene into a host cell similar to plasmids. Researchers can choose the bacteria that have the new genes absorbed into them and use those bacteria to place the gene into the desired animal. Microinjection is a method that does not use biological vectors of plasmids and viruses. This method involves injecting genetic material with new genes into the recipient cell. When the cell is large enough, like many animal cells, the process can be done with a glass needle. After the injected genes find the host cells DNA sequence they can incorporate themselves into the strand. This is one of the simplest methods of gene manipulation. Bioballistics is a method that use metal slivers to carry the genetic material to the inside of the cell. The small metal pieces are coated with genetic material. It injects the pieces into the cell using a gun like apparatus. A perforated metal plate stops the cartridge, but the small pieces are allowed to pass through into the living cells. Inside the cell, the genetic material is carried to the nucleus and is incorporated into the cells genes. The cells take up the gene are programmed to replicate it. This is the most successful way for the insertion of genes into plant cells but can but can be used in animals as well. Genes are chemical compounds, so they can be manipulated in the same way as other chemical compounds can be manipulated. DNA molecules are large and complex, so the task of manipulation is extremely difficult. However, chemists know techniques in order to cut molecules apart and then put them back together very carefully with high technological instruments. This procedure is known as gene splicing. This method of gene splicing can happen naturally in cells during such processes as division or repair. Cells take genes apart, rearrange their material, and put them back together in a new sequence or arrangement. Discoveries show that cells have certain enzymes that can disassemble DNA molecules and put reassemble them again. Such as endonucleases which are enzymes that can cut a DNA molecule at some given sequence location. Another example is exonucleases are enzymes that can remove one nitrogen base from the DNA stand. A third type is ligases that are enzymes that can join two DNA segm ents back together. Researchers can use knowledge from these natural methods to artificially alter genes using tools such as submicroscopic scissors and glue. With these they can rearranged one or more DNA molecules by cutting them apart, reordering them, and the put back together again. There are so much undiscovered possibilities in genetic engineering that it is nearly impossible to predict what the future can hold. Some potential fields of research are more advances with stem cell research, advances in replacement organs grown form cells, new genetically altered fetuses. There will be more treatment methods for diseases as well as preventions by gene alterations. The possibilities are endless and there is a lot of research being conducted that is not even published yet. Genetic engineering in animals is of particular interest to me because my family has been in the business of genetic alterations for over thirty years through selective breeding. We own a livestock farm, raising sheep and goats primarily for livestock judging competitions, but as well as for milk production and wool production. Every year we attend approximately twenty fairs or shows throughout New England to have our animals evaluated against competition to be critiqued for desirable qualities and structure based on the ideal species score card. The judge places these animals based on which animal contains the most desirable combination of traits. In order for my family to obtain quality animals we must carefully take into consideration each judges review of the animal in order to select a mate that will compliment its strength and has a high likelihood of improving flaws in the offspring. It is a long and tedious process to improve quality of the show herd; it takes years of trial and error to find suitable mates to produce the desirable offspring. Having an understanding of how genes are inherited allows for us to choose a male mate for our females by examining his offspring and seeing the ratios of how many have the trait we are looking for and estimating if there will be a high likelihood we could obtain the trait as well. We also look at the males parents to see what the parental generation had for phenotypic traits. Although we do not use high genetic methods to create our genetically engineered livestock it is a careful science that takes years of practice in order to know how to find a mating that will give us an increase in desirable traits in order to continue to do as well as we do on the show circuits. Here is a small anecdote to show my interest in this topic: when I first took a genetics class in high school I learned how to calculate genotypes using the punnett square. This interested me so much I sat down and tried to draw a pedigree to pr edict the genotypes of my black versus white sheep and the likelihood of each of their genetic make ups based on their parents and the offspring they have produced. I was able to determine white is recessive to black and which sheep were heterozygous or homozygous for many of them. Selective breeding is a very important method for my familys business without it there would be a lot of difficulty maintaining and improving the high quality livestock show herd we have. Genetic engineering in animal species has come a long way from simple matings to complex technology manipulating genomes. There are benefits including medical advances for humans, disease prevention for animals, and industrial production gains. These benefits can be obtained as long as the research stays within the set ethical guidelines. There are many methods to alter the DNA sequence such as recombinants with vectors and plasmids, microinjections, bioballistics, and gene splicing. Genetic engineering will continue to advance and hold great promise for opportunity for future advances. Work cited Boyd Group. 1999. Genetic engineering: animal welfare and ethics. Retrived15. Nov. 2010.  http://www.boyd-group.demon.co.uk/genmod.htm Monaco, Michael. Genetic Engineering in Animals. Retrieved 14, Nov. 2010.  http://www.govhs.org/vhsweb/Gallery.nsf/Files/Genetic+Engineering,+a+group+project/$file/animal.html Van Eenennaam, Allison. Genetic Engineering and Animals Agriculture. University of  California. Retrived 15, Nov. 2010. http://ucanr.org/freepubs/docs/8184.pdf Union of Concerned Scientists. Genetic Engineering Techniques. 2003. Retrieved 15, Nov.  2010. http://www.ucsusa.org/food_and_agriculture/science_and_impacts/science/genetic-engineering-techniques.html West, Chad. 2006. Economics and Ethics in Genetic Engineering of Animals. Harvard  Journal of Law and Technology. Retrieved 15, Nov. 2010.  http://jolt.law.harvard.edu/articles/pdf/v19/19HarvJLTech413.pdf

The Meal Ready-to-Eat Essays -- essays research papers

The MRE (Meal - Ready to Eat) Retort Pouch and Component Packaging OUTLINE I. Abstract A. The Meal, Ready-to-Eat B. Nutrition 1) Caloric value 2) Recommended Daily Allowance II. Introduction to the Retort Pouch A. Make-up of the pouch 1) Tri-laminate MRE retort pouch 2) Manufacturing specification 3) Thermo-stability requirements B. Laminate qualities 1) Three layers and object of design implementation C. Possible problems with military retort pouch use 1) Punctures, tears, holes 2) Outer carton use and integrity boost III. Difference between retort pouch and non-retort pouch A. Adhesive use on seals B. Types of food and retort pouch use C. Other packaging use in MRE IV. Retort Pouch Printing A. Required Markings B. Soldier or inspector use of markings V. Defects Likely to Occur A. Delamination B. Inspection for defect pouches VI. Design Improvement and Testing A. Laboratory testing of pouch suitability B. Pouch component shelf-life 1) Freezing effects 2) Dry storage shelf-life 3) Refrigerated shelf-life VII. Summation A. Combat soldier acceptance B. Field feedback The Meal, Ready-To-Eat (MRE) has been specially designed to sustain an individual soldier in heavy activity such as during actual military operations when normal food service facilities are not available. The MRE is a totally self-contained operational ration consisting of a full meal packed in a flexible meal bag. The full bag is lightweight and fits easily into the soldier's military field clothing pockets. The contents of one MRE meal bag provide an average of 1250 kilocalories (13 % protein, 36 % fat, and 51 % carbohydrates). It also provides 1/3 of the Military Recommended Daily Allowance of vitamins and minerals as determined by the Surgeon General of the United States. Most of the food components of the MRE are packaged in flexible packages. Some of the packages are the same or very similar to those used for previous types of operational ration components, but others are newer forms of packaging technology such as the vacuum packed tri-laminate, non-retortable pouch, and the tri-laminate, retortable pouch. Since almost all of the primary and secondary components of the MRE are packaged in tri-laminate pouches, these will be the primary presentation focus. The retortable pouch, often referred to as the flexible can,... ...he development of improved food preservation techniques has occurred largely on the battlefields of the world. What started as a suitable package for space flight meals and the MRE, the retort pouch is now common for packaging of commercial food products of today. The retort pouch has become an industry icon of convenience and has proven food safety in preservation. REFERENCES Brody, Aaron L. The Return of the Retort Pouch. Food Technology Magazine. Vol. 57, No. 2. February 2003. Pgs. 76-79. Hartman, Lauren R. User is King with Flexibles. Packaging Digest. March 2003. Pgs. 34-38. www.packagingdigest.com NFPA Bulletin 41L, 1989. Flexible Package Integrity. National Food Processors Association, Washington, DC. www.nfpa.org Press Release: New Study Says Food Manufacturers Offering US Consumers Retort Packaging to Meet Conveniency/Lifestyle Demands. Paper, Film, & Foil Converters Magazine. April 29, 2004. PRIMEDIA Business Magazines & Media Inc. www.pffc-online.com Sacharow, Stanley. Is the Retort Pouch Really Ready to Replace the Can? Paper, Film, & Foil Converter Magazine. APR 2003. PRIMEDIA Business Magazines & Media Inc. www.pffc-online.com

Frank Lloyd Wright Essay examples -- Essays Papers

Frank Lloyd Wright â€Å".......having a good start not only do I fully intend to be the greatest architect who has yet lived, but fully intend to be the greatest architect who will ever live. Yes, I intend to be the greatest architect of all time.† - Frank Lloyd Wright 1867-1959 CHILDHOOD Born in Richland Center, in southwestern Wisconsin, on June 8, 1867 (sometimes reported as 1869), Frank Lincoln Wright, who changed his own middle name to Lloyd, was raised under the influence of a Welsh heritage. The Lloyd-Jones family, his mother’s side of the family, had a great influence on Wright throughout his life. The family was Unitarian in faith and lived close to each other. Major emphasis within the Lloyd-Jones family included education, religion, and nature. Wright’s family spent many evenings listening to William Lincoln Wright read the works of Emerson, Thoreau, and Blake. His aunts Nell and Jane opened a school of their own, pressing the philosophies of the German educator, Froebel. Wright was brought up in a comfortable, but certainly not warm household. His father, William Carey Wright, who worked as a preacher and a musician, moved from job to another, dragging his family across the United States. Possibly as a result of this upheaval, Wrightâ€℠¢s parents divorced when while he was still young. His mother, Anna, relied heavily upon her many brothers, sisters and uncles, and Wright was intellectually guided by his aunts and his mother. Before Wright was even born, his mother had decided that her son was gong to be a great architect. Using Froebel’s geometric blocks to entertain and educate her son, Mrs. Wright must have struck the genius that her son possessed. Use of imagination was encouraged and Wright was given free run of the playroom filled with paste, paper, and cardboard. On the door were the words, SANCTUM SANCTORUM (Latin for place of inviolable privacy). Wright was seen as a dreamy and sensitive child, and cases of him running away while working on the farmlands with his uncles were noted. This pattern of running away from one thing or another continued throughout his lifetime. WRIGHT’S FIRST BREAK In 1887, at the age of twenty, Frank Lloyd Wright moved to Chicago. During the late nineteenth century, Chicago was a booming, crazy place. With an education in engineering from the University of Wisconsin, Wright found a job as a d... .../snail shell design that seems to grow out of the ground in the heart of New York City. The huge skylight provides light for the entire museum. The design allows people to see the art in a continuous manner. Visitors are intended to take an elevator to the top and walk all the way down, viewing all the exhibits as they descend. Today, after an exhaustive competition, a second building is attached to the museum, providing even more display space. The winning design is a simple, thin tower that is designed not to distract from the beautiful spiral. In true Wright fashion, the architect stated that he did not want to disturb nature, giving the museum its own place in the environment. Wright never retired; he died on April 9, 1959 at the age of ninety-two in Arizona. He was interred at the graveyard at Unity Chapel (which was considered to be his first building) at Taliesin in Wisconsin. In 1985, Olgivanna Wright passed away and one of her wishes was to have Frank Lloyd Wright’s remains cremated and the ashes put next to hers at Taliesin West. After much controversy, this was done. The epitaph at his Wisconsin grave site reads: â€Å"Love of an idea is the love of God.†

Awakening to Freedom Essay -- essays papers

Awakening to Freedom Awakening or to awake means â€Å"to wake up; to be or make alert or watchful† (Webster 23). This is what Edna Pontellier experienced in The Awakening. There has been some discussion over the appropriateness of the ending to this story. Was it appropriate for Edna to commit suicide? Yes, this story of Edna Pontellier, including the ending, is appropriate to what a woman probably would have felt like if she were in that time feeling what Edna was feeling. Edna committed suicide because there was no other way out. She did not fit into society. Her thoughts and emotions were not the same as the thoughts and emotions of the other women of this time. Edna committed suicide so that she could be reborn in a time that she would be excepted as she was. Edna was ahead of her time. She wanted a life for herself. She didn’t want her husband or her children to establish it for her. â€Å"I would give up the unessential; I would give my money, I would give my life for my children; but I wouldn’t give myself† (Chopin 573). This is not something that a w...

Victimology: Abuse

REVIEW SHEET FOR VICTIMOLOGY FINAL Any multimedia presentations post midterm Chapter 5 Dispute resolution Retributive justice vs. restorative justice Reintegrative shaming Victim-offender mediation Circle sentencing Problems and issues with restorative justice Chapter 8 Social constructionism Dr. Kempe Four obstacles that impeded the recognition of children as victims of abuse Forms of child abuse Harm standard Endangerment standard Mandatory reporterProcess of how calls are â€Å"screened in† or â€Å"screened out† Role of doctor-client privilege in detecting/reporting child abuse Central register Surveillance bias False positive vs. false negative error Parents anonymous Megan’s Law Kansas v. Hendricks Ex post facto Chapter 9 Gerontologist Rates of victimization for the elderly Fear-crime paradox Vicarious victimization Most common form of physical abuse in institutional settings Causes of institutional abuseRelationship between abusers and economic dependence on victims Types of abuse Chapter 10 Relationship between homicide and youthful AA males in the US Homicide victims are more likely to be? Ways to measure homicide Role of weapon involvement Nonprimary homicide Primary homicide Wolfgang Luckenbill’s situated transaction Mass media influence Regional culture of violence Golden hour Impact of medical resources Role of alcohol Death notification: stages The bereavement process Chapter 11 factors in routine activities perspective Workplace violence definition Media representations of workplace violence vs. reality Who is most at risk for workplace violence? Major causes of workplace victimization Third party lawsuits Victimization at junior and senior high schools Responses of students to real or perceived levels of school victimization Most juvenile crime happens during what times? Responses to school victimization Jeanne Clery Act Sexual harassment Quid pro quo Hostile environment

Frankenstein and Blade Runner Essay

Blade Runner’s Eldon Tyrell proclaims the company’s motto as ‘more human than human’. How has the notion of humanity been explored in Frankenstein and Blade Runner? Thesis: The nature of humanity is progression, when we progress too far we play God and lose basic traits of humanity. Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein draws on concerns from the romantics era to illustrate the instinctive and greedy appetite for progression that is part of the nature of humanity. Furthermore Ridley Scott’s Blade Runner touches on Shelley’s notions of danger in human enterprise and the uncontrollable drive of scientific evolution. These texts critically inquire into the follies of greed, and moral corruption. Despite there being over 150 years between their compositions these texts similarly represent the consequences of playing God, and in turn the loss of humanity that goes with it. The common thematic concerns of these texts are explored through the use of camera angles, imagery, tone and metaphor. Both Frankenstein and Blade Runner portray how the ambition to break through human limitations in an act to play God is bound to result in failure. The religious imagery used when Frankenstein grants the â€Å"spark of life† upon the Creature in his effort to â€Å"pour a torrent of light into our dark world† helps us come to the conclusion that the Creature is the very embodiment of the monstrosity that humans are capable of creating. The metaphor of light in, â€Å"until from the midst of this darkness a sudden light broke in upon me† conveys Victor’s instinctive awakening to the possibility of creating a perfect being impervious to diseases. Such an unmentionable act trespasses the realm of the godlike providence, signifying the beginning of Frankenstein’s blindness. He is quick to realise that he has created a monster, as shown by the regretful tone in, â€Å"I beheld the wretch – the miserable monster whom I had created. † This depicts that untamed human ambition can lead to the inadvertent creation of the ‘grotesque’ when playing a human God. Similarly in Blade Runner, the dystopian world demonstrates the aftermath of humanity’s desire to create a better society when playing God. The opening panoramic shot portrays a decaying city dominated by industrial buildings. This decaying city works in conjunction with the recurring motif of artificial neon lighting and eerie sounds to create a cold dark ambience. Blade Runner’s shadowy atmosphere is symbolic of the lack of warmth, affection and family which has been created by the human need of progression. Such technological defeat indicates humanity has gone too far, resulting in complete destruction of nature. Furthermore Tyrell’s malicious need for god like power over the replicants he creates is shown when he states â€Å"If we gift them with a past, we create a cushion or a pillow for their emotions, and consequently, we can control them better. † The incessant need for supremacy displayed depicts an obvious intention to play God and appropriately, the human beings in this alternate future seem artificial and lacking humanity. Both texts warn the audience about the dangers of human ambition to progress in science which holds the capacity for not only devastating the environment but also humanity itself. The two texts comment on mankind’s loss of humanity. Shelley depicts this theme through the dichotomy between the creature and Victor, his creator. The creature is able to show basic human instincts as it relates to â€Å"the pleasant showers and genial warmth† of nature on it’s pilgrimage through the wilderness. In contrast, Victor shows â€Å"insensibility to (natures) charms† while creating the creature by containing himself in a â€Å"deep dark deathlike solitude†, this alliteration is metaphoric of Victor’s inability to relate to nature and display basic human qualities which the creature can. This directly relates to the romantic era, when Shelley wrote Frankenstein and that the appreciation of nature was considered inseparable from the human experience. Therefore, this dichotomy is metaphoric of mankind’s loss of humanity. Scott reinforces mankind’s loss of humanity through the execution of the Tyrell Corporations motto â€Å"more human than human. † The loss of humanity can be seen in the contrast between replicants and humans. Pris is wearing a bridal gown while hiding from Deckard; this is metaphoric of the replicants ability to feel emotions of love and familial belonging, a basic human instinct which the humans of this world are unable to feel. J. F Sebastian’s ironic dialogue â€Å"I make friends, they’re toys, my friends are toys† shows that humans no longer have real families and have lost the ability to develop relationships naturally. Contrasted again by Batty’s howl of pain at the death of Pris, this is symbolic of the familial bonds and relationships formed between replicants. Not only does this comparison establish the motto â€Å"more human than human† as a truism, it is symbolic of Scott building upon Shelley’s original depiction of mankind’s loss of humanity thus reinforcing her warning against the amoral pursuit of science and technology. Shelley and Scott draw upon the concerns of their times; the characters warn us that overstepping our boundaries and unrestrained scientific advancement comes with a consequence. The texts critically inquire into the human ability to commit monstrous deeds in the name of ‘progression’. It is evident that despite their contextual differences, both texts are linked through their common concerns about our inherent readiness to abandon that which distinguishes humans from all other species. Perhaps the underlying message of these texts is that despite the things we create being a reflection of ourselves and our societies, it is ultimately our creations that mould us and who we are. This is illustrated by Winston Churchill’s words â€Å"we shape the things we build, thereafter they shape us†.

Samsung Introduction

Founded Samsung Introduction-2 Important points, 1970’s subsidized, In 1938, Samsung began as a small business trading produce and consumer goods. Almost 70 years later, Samsung has transformed itself into a global powerhouse whose superior products and services now range from semiconductors and LNG ships to fine chemicals and financial services, just to name a few. 1938-1970 Samsung Beginning On March 1, 1938, founding chairman Byung-Chull Lee started a business in Taegu, Korea with 30,000 won (South Korean currency).At first, Mr. Lee's little business was primarily in trade export, selling dried Korean fish, vegetables, and fruit to Manchuria and Beijing. But in just over a decade, SAMSUNG – meaning literally â€Å"three stars† in Korean – would have its own flour mills and confectionery machines, its own manufacturing and sales operations, and ultimately become the roots of the modern global corporation that still bears the same name today. 969-SAMSUNG- Sanyo Electronics established (Renamed SAMSUNG Electro-Mechanics in March 1975 and merged with SAMSUNG Electronics in March 1977) 1969-SAMSUNG Electronics Manufacturing incorporated (Renamed SAMSUNG Electronics in February 1984) 1970-1980 Samsung Industrial Era Throughout the 1970s, SAMSUNG laid the strategic foundations for its future growth by investing in the heavy, chemical, and petrochemical industries.The company's second â€Å"Five-Year Management Plan,† announced in August 1973, targeted these industries and also introduced SAMSUNG to the shipbuilding industry Another burst of growth for SAMSUNG came from the burgeoning home electronics business. SAMSUNG Electronics, already a major manufacturer in the domestic (Korean) market, began to export its products for the first time during this period. Another significant development was SAMSUNG's 1974 acquisition of a 50 percent stake in Korea Semiconductor, further consolidate SAMSUNG Electronics' reign as a leader in semic onductor manufacturing. 980-1990 Entering the global technology marketplace The late 70s and early 80s represented a time of increasing diversification and global growth for Samsung’s core technology businesses. In 1978, SAMSUNG Semiconductor and SAMSUNG Electronics became separate entities as new products were introduced to the global market. SAMSUNG Precision Company (established in 1977) laid the foundation in another high-tech industry – aerospace.Renamed SAMSUNG Aerospace Industries in February 1987 (now known as SAMSUNG Techwin), SAMSUNG has been developing its aerospace capabilities with unprecedented speed ever since. Future plans include the development of future space stations – and even space facilities for the Moon and Mars in the early 21st century. SAMSUNG's increasing focus on technology led to another key development in the mid-80s with the creation of the company's two Research & Development institutes, SAMSUNG Economic Research Institute (S ERI) in 1986.SAMSUNG Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT) in 1987. Together, these two pioneering R&D organizations have helped SAMSUNG expand its reach even further into electronics, semiconductors, high polymer chemicals, genetic engineering, optical telecommunications, aerospace and new fields of technology innovation from nanotechnology to advanced network architectures. On November 19, 1987, SAMSUNG's founding Chairman Byung-Chull Lee passed away after almost fifty years at the helm of the company. His son, Kun-Hee Lee succeeded him as the new Chairman.On the 50th anniversary of SAMSUNG's founding in 1988, he announced the â€Å"Second Foundation† of the company, directing SAMSUNG's growth towards becoming a world-class 21st century corporation. For this â€Å"Second Foundation,† SAMSUNG challenged itself to restructure old businesses and enter new ones with the aim of becoming one of the world's top five electronics companies. The merger of SAMSUNG Electro nics and SAMSUNG Semiconductor & Telecommunications was undoubtedly a key strategic moment in the progress towards this goal.For the first time in the group's history, SAMSUNG was now in a position to maximize its technological resources and develop value-added products. 1990-1997 Leaping onto the Global Stage New management Era New Management is more than a mere re-engineering of SAMSUNG but rather an entire revolution dedicated to making world-class products, providing total customer satisfaction, and being a good corporate citizen. In retrospect, New Management was a decisive turning point for SAMSUNG, the moment when the entire company was repositioned on the basis of â€Å"Quality first. During this period, 17 different products – from semiconductors to computer monitors, TFT-LCD screens to color picture tubes – leaped into the ranks of the top five products for global market share in their respective areas. There is no doubt that part of SAMSUNG's success in these areas is due to its rigorous enforcement of quality control at all its plants across the world.? Thanks to the â€Å"Line Stop† system, any employee can shut down the assembly line when inferior products are discovered.Production is simply halted until the problem is solved. SAMSUNG also adheres to the â€Å"Six Sigma† concept of total quality management. 1997-2000 Digital Frontier 1997 was a dark year for nearly all of Korea. That year, nearly all companies in Korea shrank. SAMSUNG was no exception. The company restructured by reducing the number of its affiliated companies to 45, decreasing personnel by almost 50,000, and improving the soundness of its financial structure.Although the news was bleak, SAMSUNG was one of the few companies able to continue growing thanks to its leadership in digital and network technologies, and its steady concentration on electronics, finances, and related services. 2000-Present Pioneering the Digital Age With the start of the s econd millennium, SAMSUNG begins its second century. The digital age has brought revolutionary opportunities and changes to global business. The SAMSUNG Group has responded to these changes and is currently upgrading its business structure, management perspective, and corporate culture to meet global standards.Our commitment of being â€Å"World's Best† has won us the number one global market share for thirteen of our products. We succeeded in achieving the global competitiveness through continually improving our financial structure and profitability, as we examine the structure of our own organization. The quick pace of our development is reflected in our management philosophy â€Å"We will devote our human resources and technology to create superior products and services, thereby contributing to a better global society. â€Å"

Problems and Prospects of Bangladesh Essay

Despite its poor-country status, increasing numbers of tourists have visited Bangladesh, a new but minor source of foreign exchange earning. Tourism in the early 1980s amounted to some 49,000 visitors per year, but by 1986 more than 129,000 tourists–mostly from India, the United States, Britain, and Japan–visited Bangladesh. According to the Bangladesh Parjaton Corporation (Bangladesh Tourism Corporation), some Tk44.6 million in foreign exchange was earned in 1986 from the tourism industry. PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS The Bangladesh government and the Bangladesh Aid Group have taken seriously the idea that Bangladesh is the test case for development. In the late 1980s, it was possible to say, in the somewhat patronizing tone sometimes adopted by representatives of donor organizations, that Bangladesh had generally been a â€Å"good performer.† Even in straitened times for the industrialized countries, Bangladesh remained a favored country for substantial commitments of new aid resources from a strikingly broad range of donors. The total estimated disbursement for FY 1988 was estimated at US$1.7 billion, an impressive total but just US$16 per capita. Half of that total was for food aid and other commodities of limited significance for economic growth. Even with the greatest imaginable efficiency in planning and administration, resource-poor and overpopulated Bangladesh cannot achieve significant economic improvements on the basis of that level of assistance. In examining the economy of Bangladesh, wherever one turns the problems crowd in and threaten to overwhelm the analysis. Underlying problems that have threatened the young nation remain unsolved. These problems include overpopulation and inadequate nutrition, health, and education resources; a low standard of living, land scarcity, and vulnerability to natural disaster; virtual absence of valuable metals; and inadequate government and bureaucratic structures. Yet the brief history of independent Bangladesh offers much that is encouraging and satisfying. The World Bank, leader of the Bangladesh Aid Group, described the country in 1987 as a success story for economic development and expressed optimism that the goals of the Third Five-Year Plan, and longer term development goals as well, could be attained. Government policies had been effective in stimulating the economy. The private sector had benefited from an environment of greater economic freedom and had improved performance in banking and production of jute, fertilizer, ready-made garments, and frozen seafood. The average growth rate of economy had been a steady, if unspectacular, 4 percent since the beginning of the 1980s, close to the world average for developing countries. The picture of day-to-day and even year-to-year performance of the economy of Bangladesh is a mixture of accomplishment and failure, not significantly different from that of the majority of poor Third World countries. The government and people of Bangladesh are entitled to take some pride in the degree of success they have achieved since independence, especially when one contrasts their success with the gloomy forecasts of economists and international experts. The international donor community, led by the World Bank, similarly can be proud of the role it has played in assisting this â€Å"largest poorest† nation to become a respected member of the family of nations. * * * Works that are useful for gaining a basic understanding of the Bangladesh economy include Bangladesh: Emergence of a Nation by A.M.A. Muhith and The Political Economy of Development by Just Faaland and J.R. Parkinson. Rehman Sobhan’s The Crisis of External Dependence provides an insightful critique of the foreign aid sector. Kirsten Westergaard’s State and Rural Society in Bangladesh provides information on agricultural development in the context of the relationship between the state and rural society. Articles by Abu Muhammad Shajaat Ali and Akhter Hameed Khan provide agricultural case studies on the village of Shyampur and the Comilla Model, respectively. The Far Eastern Economic Review and Economist both carry timely reports on the state of the economy. Among the most important sources of information on the economy, however, is the documentation provided by various agencies of the governments of Bangladesh and the United States and the World Bank. Important among these is the annual Statistical Yearbook of Bangladesh published by the Ministry of Planning. The Bibliography of Asian Studies each year carries numerous reports on the macroeconomy of Bangladesh and should be consulted for details. (For further information and complete citations, see Bibliography.)

Justice Scalia's Fundamental Rights Research Paper

Justice Scalia's Fundamental Rights - Research Paper Example Constitution as an instrument to protect the fundamental rights of citizens in America. The 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution is concerned primarily with the fundamental rights of citizens of the United States. Based on the, 14th Amendment, â€Å"all persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law† (Legal Information Institute). Simply put, the 14th Amendment limits the power of Congress and other federal and state powers to discriminate against individuals. The 14th Amendment is the document of equal protection that outlaws individual rights violations. Since the 1970s, the 14th Amendment has been used as one of the central tools of legal def ense against labor and employment discrimination. However, not everyone agrees that the 14th Amendment is a valid argument against discrimination. When a public figure as popular as Justice Scalia expresses a divergent opinion, it is natural and logical that the public reaction will be immediate. In one of his recent interviews, Justice Scalia expressed an opinion that the 14th Amendment has nothing to do with discrimination and individual rights: according to Scalia, the U.S. Constitution by itself does not outlaw discrimination (Terkel). Rather, the Constitution simply provides the basis and creates a legal context, which allows passing legislation that outlaws different forms of discrimination against individuals (Terkel). Justice Scalia is confident that the Constitution does not prohibit discrimination, and it is within the power of U.S. legislators, not the Constitution, to enact laws that defend the fundamental rights of American citizens. As a result, the Fourteenth Amendmen t can hardly serve a relevant ground for legal protection against sexual and gender discrimination in the workplace or in courts. To some extent, Justice Scalia is correct: the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was passed with the intent to keep illegal immigrants and aliens from accessing and using the benefits provided by U.S. Government. This is why the 14th Amendment limits the scope of the legal rights protection to citizens or those naturalized in the United States (The 14th Amendment). It was not before the 1970s that the legal meaning of the Fourteenth Amendment was changed to become one of the key instruments and legal arguments against sexual and other types of individual discrimination in the U.S. Even today, the 14th Amendment remains the source of major legal controversies, since there is no explicit statement that could be directly related to the issue of sexual or gender discrimination. However, the role which the Fourteenth Amendment plays in the protecti on of individual rights and the elimination of inequality and discrimination cannot be ignored. Simultaneously, Justice Scalia’s homophobic prejudices are well-known to the American public. It is no wonder that Scalia does not believe the 14th Amendment and its equal protection clause applies to women, gays or lesbians (LaVictoire). In the notorious case of Lawrence v. Texas Justice Scalia claimed

What is Our Role in Creating Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

What is Our Role in Creating Change - Essay Example The change has to first start from the self and then alone can we try to change people and things around us. Our role in creating change starts with the change within us. The mind works based on past experiences and knowledge. The mind is the most powerful agent and if the mind-set can be changed, change is smooth. However, human beings resist change because they fear the unknown. They would like to adhere to what has been the practice and are reluctant to adopt something better. Change within can occur only when we understand the benefits of change, when we have the ability or the knowledge to understand the benefits of change. This requires effective communication. We can bring change to the world through effective communication. Communication encompasses much more than simply talking. It requires the skill, it requires patience to listen. Listening enhances understanding between people; listening enables us to know one another; it helps extend compassion to those in need. Communic ation should not create rumors or lead to distortion of facts. Meg Wheatley emphasizes on simple honest conversation (pg. 3) where each individual has a chance to speak, the chance of being heard. Communication has the power to move the world, says Meg. This has been witnessed in social movements throughout history. A small group of committed people can change the world. This is evident in Poland’s powerful labor movement when solidarity that started with 9 people grew to 9 million (Wheatley, 2001). Also, an individual mother’s grief led to a national movement under the banner of Mothers Against Drunken Driving (MADD). Working in collaboration and cooperation creates a positive environment. Everyone involved in the work is at ease and gives his/her best. The mind is peaceful and a peaceful mind is creative. Meg draws upon the example of nature and explains how the system functions as one single unit even though it is comprised on so many different elements. Human being s too have the quality to work in harmony but we have somehow fallen off the track. Competition in every field has made people move at a fast pace so as not to be left behind. Meg believes that relationships are all there is (pg. 19). Competition against fellow beings only gives rise to unwanted emotions, feelings of ownership, jealousy and greed. Vitality comes from cooperation and not from competition, she says. An important aspect in change is to respect and acknowledge one another as equals (pg. 29). Traditions and cultures around the world have always promoted peace and harmony. Now that people around the world communicate and interact oftener due to advancements in communication and information technology, people are unable to adjust or be cooperative. We have to learn to understand diversity and the benefits of diversity. We gain diverse experiences which should make us richer and humbler and not arrogant. We should acknowledge diversity in people, in their culture, in their traditions and appreciate them instead of condemning them. Each individual has to take responsibility of the change in the self. We have allowed ourselves to drift like a piece of wood thrown in the water. We need to inculcate discipline. This does not mean to follow rules or abide by regulations. It is the discipline that should come from within and should not be imposed by an external source. Imposed discipline makes one feel suppressed and over time one does not give it any importance. However, discipline that is followed by one’s own self is always towards improvement, regulated and it needs no monitoring. Great changes starts from a small conversations held among people that care and people that are committed to the cause (Waltuck, 2010). Change in the

Recent European Foreign Debt Crisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Recent European Foreign Debt Crisis - Essay Example This saw down turn in small areas of financial systems, which ruined the structure entirely. There are a lot of factors that contributed to the recent European financial meltdown. According to some political economists, the European financial meltdown was bound to happen due to the trade policies adopted by the European Union (Jackson 1). In this regard, they argue that European Union is not proactive enough and act after the facts. This means that they provide response only after the situation has already occurred. The question that many people among them economist are asking is, why should the European countries care about the foreign debt crisis? This paper will explore the causes of the recent European sovereign debt crisis, what happened and why it is indispensable for the European countries to care about it. The foreign debt crisis in Europe occurred as a result of a number of factors. This include finance globalization, 2002-2008 easy credit condition which buoyant high-risk b orrowing and lending practices. Others include imbalance in international trade, bubbles of real estates, which have burst since then, slow growth in economy witnessed in 2008 and there after, government expense and revenue fiscal policy choices and bail out methods by nations for troubled banks and bondholders. Other notable causes include assuming private burdens of debts or socializing losses (Duthel 1). The crisis has had a lot of negative impacts to many countries in Europe. Jackson argues that initially, the crisis was viewed by European Union (EU) as a phenomenon of America. However, its devastating effects changed soon after the European countries saw its impact on the country. For instance, the crises led to a sharp decline in economic activities of European countries over a remarkably short time (Duthel 5). The worst being, it led to a sharp decline in global trade, eroding European prospects of trade. This in turn, provided safety regulator for local industries that are r educing their output. It is a mater of fact that many countries depend on trade for economic growth. This is one of the reasons as to why European countries should take stringent measures aimed at preventing such a recurrence in financial crisis. Economists still see sovereign debt crisis as something that is continuing in the European countries (Duthel 22). This has impact negatively on the countries affected since it makes it hard for some of the countries to be able to pay off their government debts without seeking third party assistance. This interferes with the smooth running of these countries and thus needs prevention and control measures to abate it. For instance, in 2009, there was growing fear of sovereign debt crisis among investors. This was because government debt levels were rising at an alarming rate across the globe coupled with government debt downgrading witnessed in some European countries (Jackson 4). The concerns grew from early 2010, calling on the finance mini ster of Europe to approve a package that could help rescue the nations. This culminated to approval of â‚ ¬750 billion for financial stability in Europe and establishing a European Financial Stability Facility (EFSF). The concerns also lead to leaders from euro zone signing an agreement in October 2011 and February 2012 aimed at designing measures to help mitigate collapse of European member economies. The agreement signed includes measures requiring banks to make up to 53.5 percent write-off of debts in Greece owed

Collage of Echoes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Collage of Echoes - Essay Example A literal interpretation of the poem could simply detail a human experience, whereas an analytical level of interpretation could provide a better justification of the poet’s ideas. In Collage of Echoes, the gender and identity of the persona are not specified, thus for ease of interpretation, one may assume to use the author’s gender. The persona in the poem is doing a self-talk or reflection. In the opening lines, she tells herself, â€Å"I have no promises to keep/Nor miles to go before I sleep† (1-2). These lines reveal that the persona has no obligations to accomplish, and no places to visit. Pleased with this thought, she expresses her intention to sleep or relax. Based on this, readers may think of the persona as a busy person, possibly an adult engaged in business, who, at the end of the day tells herself that she can sleep after she has accomplished her responsibilities. However, the repetition of the phrase, â€Å"no promises to keep† (7) could ma ke the reader realize that a literal interpretation of the poem is not enough to deduce the author’s ideas, hence, a deeper level of analysis is needed. An analytical interpretation of the poem requires deducing of meaning based on the author’s use of literary devices.

Reading response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 16

Reading response - Essay Example However, there was a residency requirement attached to the law. The Dawe Act is related to the Homestead Act because both of them address land issues in the US. Dawe’s Act was enacted on February 8, 1887 and it was established to address the distribution of the Indian reservation Land among the individual tribesmen. Sponsored by Sen Henry Dawes, the act focused on ensuring that farmers receive land using a set suitability criteria. The inclusion of the provision to sale the public land after allotment led to its passage in the congress. The Supreme Court influenced the enactment of the 14th and 15th amendment by giving a wrong interpretation of the amendment. The move led to the violation of the rights of the people by the different states within the U.S. the decision of the court in the slaughterhouse incidence set precedent for the states to violate the rights of the people based on gender and race. After accruing wealth, Andrew Carnegie developed the gospel of wealth which focused on the development of an inclusive society where wealth would be ensured in the betterment of the society. The gospel was put into practice by him. Immediately after selling his company, he decided to use the money to upgrade and improve the education and the health sector. The move led to greater improvement of the society through provision of better health and education services. The gospel of wealth by Carnegie is an effective tool that can be used to solve the inequality in the world because it advocates for the sharing and using of the wealth in improving the society. Sharing of the wealth through the development of the foundations is vital because it ensures that different echelons of the society are able to access better service. The gospel of wealth focuses on trying to help others with the wealth created or generated. The focus of wealth accumulation should not be personal glory, but to deve lop the society through funding of better

Business Start Up Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business Start Up - Assignment Example The person can also choose when to work and not to work when he is not highly motivated. This will give the person t produce high quality output. Working alone and being self-employed means being in control of all the decisions that has to make. The person gets to decide on his own business plan, his own quality assurance activities, pricing and marketing methods. At the sae time, there is a 100% job security; the person will never get fired. People usually do what they want to do unless they are otherwise motivated. They must be motivated by themselves or by an external stimulus. Motivation is, in effect, inducing others in a specific way towards goals specifically stated by the motivator. In an organization these goals, as the motivation system, must conform to the corporate policy of the organization. The motivational system must be tailored to fit the needs of the organization. Joining the world of the self-employed is very risky. Considering the freedom to choose how much time and when to work, who to work with, low operating cost, no hassle in beating the office hours, if everything goes well, earning more money is very possible without working for someone else, it is worth the risk. 2. Skills Required Entrepreneurship is a term in business that is always mistaken as something synonymous with small business. Basically, a businessman cannot be considered as an entrepreneur just by initiating the business, but rather by having a behaviour pattern that concentrates on opportunity rather than resources (Drucker, 2002). This behaviour can be applied in either small or corporate businesses, by any manager or leader. It can be said that referring entrepreneur as an individual who creates a business literally is incomplete, as the term also signifies most importantly a pattern of behaviour and attitude, and not just the tangible sole proprietor of the organization or the business. Churchill (1992) defined it "as the process of uncovering and developing opportunity to create value through innovation and seizing the opportunity without regard to either resources (human or capital) or the location of the entrepreneur - in a new or existing company" (p.586). Hofstede (1997) stated the definition of entrepreneurship in other terms, referring it as "a process that takes place in different environments and settings which causes changes in the economic system through innovations brought about by individuals who generate or respond to economic opportunities that create value for both those individuals and society" (p.352). In other words, it is considered as individual or organizational level phenomena, or the experience of continuously searching for growth through improvement and innovation. The entrepreneur must possess typical characteristics such as: the ability to take risks; innovativeness; knowledge on how the market functions; manufacturing know-how; marketing skills; business management skills; interpersonal skills, organizational skills (that I already have ) and the ability to cooperate (Buheiry, 1989). Possessed with such characteristics, entrepreneurs have shaped literally the economic condition of the world as we see it. They are the ones who are

Harriet Tubman Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Harriet Tubman - Research Paper Example The Underground Railroad operation marked a significant turn in the lives of the slaves who found a safe way to reach Canada when the would be able to escape the laws such as the Fugitive Slave Acts of 1793 and 1850 which permitted the owners of the slaves to redeem the escaped slaves back to the south. The paper focuses upon the role of Harriet Tubman in this Underground Railroad Operation. Introduction Harriet Tubman was born somewhere around 1820 in the country of Dorchester located on the east shore of Maryland. She was a slave by birth on the plantations of Edward Brodas. From birth her name was Araminta, which in short became Minty. Her father’s name was Benjamin Ross and her mother was Harriet Green. Her parents were ‘enslaved Ashanti Africans’. The slave owners had sold many of their eleven children in Deep South. At the age of five, the neighbors rented her for doing household works in which she was never that good and hence was regularly beaten up by the owners. Since she was uneducated, she was engaged to work in fields as a helping hand that contributed to her strength and she preferred the work. In the initial years of her teen, she altered her name to Harriet following her mother. When she was fifteen years old, she was unintentionally hit on the head by a heavy weight by her master, and sustained a severe fracture in the skull. She remained ill for a long period and never fully recovered. In the early years of injury, she had periodic sleeping fits that affected her looks negatively as a slave. The injury resulted in narcolepsy that made her suddenly fall asleep any moment of time no matter wherever she happened to be. After the death of her old master, the son sold her to a lumber merchant. The new owner appreciated her work and allowed her to keep the money earned from extra work. At the age of twenty-four or twenty-five she married, a free black man named John Tubman but the marriage did not work well. Shortly after that sh e hired an attorney for investigating her official history which resulted in the finding that her mother had been free from slavery and she was also born free which made her instinct rise and run for freedom. In the year 1849, her husband was inclined to sell her to Deep South along with her two brothers. A white neighbor of her helped her with the contacts of some people she could seek help from in times of need. She ended up alone trying to persuade her brothers to escape and alone made her way to freedom and fled to Philadelphia in the year 1849 escaping through the Underground Railroad. Her freedom that day led to the freedom of thousands of other slaves through the same. She led this solely with all her strengths and courage risking her life for liberty so that every individual could experience freedom. When the civil war broke in the country she did not even wait for the ‘Emancipation Proclamation’ but instantly participated in order to free the slaves. After the war ended, she returned to Auburn and continued to help the class by raising money for the welfare of the impoverished children, transforming her home into the home for the aged and the black people2,3,4. The Underground Railroad operation undertaken by Harriet Tubman resulted in freedom for 300 slaves. The journey towards escape of Harriet Tubman and the other slaves Harriet Tubman was first marked as a criminal when she fled from the Maryland farm in 1849. Instead of